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Church Administrators Handbook
Bylaws of the Community of Christ
Article I - Name
The name of this church shall be “Community of Christ.”*
Article II - Purpose
The purpose and mission of the church is to proclaim Jesus
Christ and promote communities of joy, hope, love, and peace. The church
envisions a time when the promise of God’s kingdom shall be fulfilled. We have a
vision of that kingdom where the name of Jesus Christ is truly honored, where
God’s will is done on earth, where the hungry are fed, poverty is alleviated,
sinners are repentant, and sin is forgiven.
We believe that love is the proper foundation of our
relationship with others, that opportunity to grow in the likeness of Christ
should be fostered, and that the resources of the world can be managed to
respect and preserve their creation and purpose. We have a vision of a time when
all evil is overcome and peace prevails.
We will be an international community of prophetic vision,
faithful to the risen Christ, empowered by hope, spending ourselves courageously
in the pursuit of peace and justice.
Article III - Theocratic Democracy
Section 1. Definition. The church, as defined by
President Joseph Smith III, is a theocratic democracy. It was brought into being
by divine initiative, is guided and administered by divine authority, is
sustained by the light of the Holy Spirit, and exists for divine purposes. In
response to divine initiative, members share responsibility for governing the
church. “. . . all things must be done in order and by common consent in the
church, by the prayer of faith” (Doctrine and Covenants
27:4).
Section 2. Priesthood. The government of the church is by
divine authority through priesthood. It should be noted that the government of
the church is through priesthood, not by priesthood. The
distinction is important. Ministers must first of all be disciples. Disciples
are those who seek to transform this world into the kingdom of God and Christ.
In no other way can their claim to divine authority become rich and meaningful.
Section 3. Priesthood Calls. The basic principles
pertaining to priesthood calls are that all calls shall be initiated by
appropriate administrative officers, shall receive necessary administrative
approvals, shall be presented to the candidate for acceptance, and shall be
approved by an appropriate conference of members. Specific procedures are
established by the First Presidency.
Section 4. Common Consent. A basic principle of decision making in
the Community of Christ is common consent. Common consent respects the rights of
the people to assent to the general conduct of business within the church and to
sustain those called of God to provide leadership. Common consent is exercised
when members assemble in conferences in congregations, mission centers, and at
the World Conference. Leadership is exercised through the responsibility of
presiding officers and members to make proposals to the various conferences to
which they are responsible and through recognizing that these conferences have
the responsibility to review such proposals, to share points of view, and to
vote as they feel led by the Holy Spirit.
The rights of the body are safeguarded through the process of common consent
as follows:
a. By the guidance of the Holy Spirit in calling
members to the priesthood. All priesthood members are to be ordained
according to the gifts and callings of God unto them, and they are to be
ordained by the power of the Holy Spirit which is in those who ordain
them.
By the requirement that calls to the priesthood be
presented for approval to an appropriate conference.
By the right of approval and disapproval which rests
with the people who are asked to sustain World Church leaders at World
Conference, and local leaders at local conferences.
d. By the requirement that all things be done with
due regard for the duties and privileges of other ministers and members
and in harmony with the legislative enactments of the body.
e. By the provisions for correcting disorder
(Doctrine and Covenants 122:10, 126:10).
f. By the understanding that, for the good of all, properly selected leaders
must be allowed to do their work without undue interference, subject always to
the provisions made to cover special situations.
Section 5. Leadership and Administrative Functions.
Leadership and administration is through members of the priesthood, acting
according to their several callings and with the consent of the church.
Supervisory leadership of the ministries of the church is vested in the
following groups:
a. The First Presidency is composed of the
president and two counselors, and they preside over the whole church.
This includes responsibility for the World Conference, field ministries,
priesthood quorums and orders, and headquarters functions.
b. The Council of Twelve Apostles is
responsible for the evangelistic witness of the church. Individual
apostles may be assigned to various responsibilities of church
leadership, including field administration.
c. The Presiding Bishopric is composed of the
presiding bishop and two counselors. They are the chief financial
officers and trustees of the church, and are responsible for the
administration of the temporal affairs of the whole church.
Together these groups function as the leadership body of the
church known as the World Church Leadership Council. To this council, from time
to time, additional persons are added because of the unique contribution they
make to the administrative, programmatic, or missionary ministries of the
church.
Other leadership functions are vested in the following
councils, quorums, and orders:
Council of Presidents of Seventy
Quorums of Seventy
Quorum of High Priests
Order of Bishops
Order of Evangelists
Section 6. Legislative Functions. Legislation is considered and enacted
in World Conference, mission center conferences, and in congregational
conferences. These conferences meet at the call of the responsible
administrative officers, at times and places determined by the bodies concerned,
or without such provisions at times and places set by the responsible
administrative officers.
a. Authority of Conferences. Each conference
has authority to legislate for those it represents, insofar as it does
not usurp rights lawfully centered elsewhere. Accordingly, no
congregational conference can legislate for its mission center, such as
requiring certain acts on the part of mission center leaders and no
congregational or mission center conference can enact binding
legislation on matters of World Church importance.
b. Limits. No legislative body can rightfully
take to itself administrative or judicial functions.
c. Right to Nominate. It is the right of all
members to make nominations in filling elective offices in the
jurisdictions of the church, but this action in no sense denies the
right of presiding officers to present concurrent nominations for the
filling of such elective offices nor does it suppose that every office
should be filled by election. Often program assistants are appointed by
presiding officers and sustained by the appropriate conference.
Section 6. Judicial Functions. When conflicts between members or on
issues of church polity arise, every attempt should be made to resolve them
through the ministry of reconciliation. When these attempts have not been
successful, in extreme cases, members of the church have right of access to the
courts of the church for protection or redress. Bishop's courts, or where these
are not feasible, elders’ courts, are standing courts and have original
jurisdiction. The Standing High Council exists at the World Church level. It has
original jurisdiction in some matters and may hear appeals from bishop's courts.
However, the First Presidency has the authority to determine whether any case is
subject to a court hearing or a rehearing on appeal.
Article IV - Conferences
Section 1. Conferences. Conferences
are the legislative bodies of the church. They may be regular or special.
Generally, regular conferences shall be held annually or otherwise as agreed
upon by those who constitute their membership. They may represent the church at
large, a mission center, or a congregation. They are subject to the jurisdiction
of the First Presidency, members of the Council of Twelve, and appropriate
mission center presidents or congregational pastors.
Section 2. World Conference. The World Conference is the highest
legislative body in the church and should be organized with primary reference to
its legislative functions. The World Conference is constituted according to the
provisions of the rules of representation and is empowered to act for the entire
church. In the World Conference and in a general assembly, the First Presidency
shall preside. In case of the absence or disqualification of the First
Presidency, the Council of Twelve shall so function.
a. Leadership in the World Conference. Members
of the First Presidency, the Council of Twelve Apostles, the presiding
evangelist, the Presiding Bishopric, the church secretary, the
presidency of the Quorum of High Priests, and the presidents of Seventy
shall have voice and vote in the World Conference and shall not be
eligible to serve as delegates from any jurisdiction. The functioning of
the quorums, councils, and orders is considered important to the World
Conference; they shall have access to the conference through their
presiding officers. The presiding officer of the conference may grant
voice to those whose contribution is considered to be beneficial to the
conference.
b. Delegates to the World Conference. Mission
centers are authorized to elect delegates to the World Conference.
Delegates are members of the World Conference to which they are elected
and are entitled to voice and vote at its meetings.
c. Basis of Representation. The number of
delegates to the World Conference shall be apportioned to approximate a
total of 2,800 persons. Each mission center shall be entitled to two
delegates. Additional delegates, in a number adequate to bring the total
to approximately 2,800, shall be apportioned among the mission centers
according to their membership enrollment.
d. Notification. The Credentials Committee
shall determine enrollment of each jurisdiction as of one year prior to
the convening of the World Conference and shall use that enrollment as a
basis for allocating delegates from each jurisdiction. At least ten
months prior to the convening of the World Conference, the Credentials
Committee shall inform the president of each mission center of the
number of delegates to which that mission center is entitled.
e. Qualifications for delegates. The only
qualification for eligibility as a delegate to the World Conference
shall be membership in good standing in the church.
f. Certification. Delegates shall be seated as
members of the conference and entitled to vote in the conference’s
proceedings upon registering with the Credentials Committee. Each
mission center should provide the Credentials Committee with a certified
list of the delegates and alternates according to procedures approved by
the First Presidency.
g. Delegate voting. In general, each person
seated as a delegate at the World Conference shall be entitled, when
present, to cast one vote each time a vote is taken. In extraordinary
circumstances, or in situations where a jurisdiction cannot send to the
World Conference the number of delegates to which it is entitled, the
First Presidency is authorized to implement alternate voting procedures
subject to the consent of the World Conference.
Section 3. Field Jurisdiction Conferences. Conferences of
mission centers or congregations are regular gatherings authorized by a
congregation, a mission center, or by the presiding officer of these
jurisdictions. The member of the Council of Twelve who has administrative
supervision may also call a conference if the need arises. These conferences
have to do with the common interests of the church members within the specified
areas. Mission centers have the option of providing for delegate conferences. In
such cases the mission center conference is authorized to determine the basis
for representation.
Section 4. Special Conferences. Special conferences may
be called by the First Presidency for the World Conference; by the mission
center president for mission center conferences; and by the pastor for
congregational conferences. In emergencies special conferences may also be
called by the supervising administrative officer having jurisdiction. The call
for special conferences shall specify the purpose of the conference and only
business mentioned in the call of the conference may be transacted.
Article V - Congregations
Section 1. Organization of congregations. Congregations
are the foundational missional units of the church where participants live out
their discipleship. While numbers, complexity, and style may vary significantly,
the ability and commitment to meet regularly as a community of disciples with a
sense of common identity is the hallmark of each congregation. Congregations are
formed by the authority of the field apostle in consultation with local church
leaders, and with a vote of those who will make up the proposed congregation.
Congregations are disorganized by the authority of the field apostle following
consultation with local church leaders. Congregations should be primarily
responsible for their own operations and ministries. Support for congregations
beyond their ability to provide (e.g., legal, information systems, risk
management, real estate, and human resource services) is the responsibility of
the mission center and/or the World Church. Congregations are responsible for
maintaining current membership data according to World Church guidelines.
Section 2. Congregational officers. Congregations have
the freedom to organize themselves in ways that functionally promote the
congregation's vision of Christian mission. Even so, annually each congregation
shall elect a presiding officer, known as the pastor, and sustain the
appointment of a financial officer. The appointment is made by the mission
center financial officer. This should be done at a regular congregational
conference or at one specifically called for that purpose of which due notice
shall have been given. Congregational leaders should keep the mission center
leaders fully informed of the condition of the congregation and should have
frequent consultation with the mission center leaders.
Section 3. Congregational conferences. Congregational conferences shall
be convened at least once annually and at such other times as are determined by
action of the body. Congregations may consider legislation relating to
congregational affairs. They may also consider legislation relating to the
affairs of their mission center and recommend its enactment by that mission
center's conference. Congregational conference actions shall be in harmony with,
and subject to, mission center conference actions, World Conference action, and
subject to the advice of the mission center leaders and World Church officers
concerned. Special conferences may be called by the congregational pastor. All
congregational conferences shall be scheduled by the pastor in cooperation with
the mission center president. The mission center president shall receive
adequate notice and should be invited to offer any suggestions or nominations he
or she may desire to present. In emergencies, and especially when a
congregational pastor is incapacitated or the congregation shall have fallen
into disorder, the mission center president may request or call a congregational
conference; in this or any other necessary situation the mission center
president may recommend procedure, present nominations for office, or do such
other things as will best protect the interests of the church. When these
interests shall require, the mission center president may take over direction of
the congregation for a time, administering the work thereafter—either directly
or indirectly—until a more permanent arrangement can be made. If the mission
center president is thought to have proceeded unlawfully in any of these
matters, appeal is to the supervising field apostle.
Section 4. Notice of Conferences. Normally notice of all congregational
conferences should be given to the members of the congregation at least two
weeks prior to congregational conference and should also be sent to the mission
center president and to such other officers as might be concerned with the
business to be transacted.
Section 5. Quorum. For the transacting of all business at a
congregational conference, unless otherwise provided by the conference, six or
more members present at any properly called meeting shall constitute a quorum.
However, it is the responsibility of every member of the congregation to attend
congregational conferences, both regular and special.
Section 6. Presiding. The pastor presides over congregational
conferences. At the request of the pastor, or in the pastor's absence, the
counselors may preside. Members of the First Presidency, Council of Twelve, or
mission center staff may be asked to preside as a courtesy or in view of special
circumstances.
Section 7. Responsibilities of the presiding officer. It is the
responsibility of the presiding officer to bring to the attention of the body
such matters as may require consideration or action; to enforce observance of
the rules of order with decorum and propriety; to secure, as far as possible, a
due respect and regard for the laws governing the church as contained in the
scriptures, mission center, and World Conference enactments, as well as
administrative procedures approved by the First Presidency.
Section 8. Emerging Congregations. In the early stages of congregational
development, groups such as house churches, expansion groups, cell groups, etc.,
may be established by the mission center president or the field apostle. By
definition, such groups are not fully self-sufficient and require significant
support from other congregations or the mission center. The groups may have
conferences from time to time as necessary with the approval of the mission
center president. Lines of administration shall be established by the mission
center leadership with the approval of the field apostle. Lines of financial
accountability shall be established by the mission center leadership based on
guidelines established by the Presiding Bishopric and with the approval of the
field apostle. Such groups may be granted full congregational status by the
field apostle in consultation with the mission center leadership and with a vote
of those who will make up the proposed congregation.
Article VI - Mission Centers
Section 1. Purpose. Mission centers exist to support
congregations, facilitate church expansion, and provide linkage between World
Church ministries and congregations. Mission centers may vary in size and
composition and may be organized on the basis of contiguous congregations,
congregations within the same political boundary, congregations that share
similar cultural or social identities, or such other criteria as may be
determined by the World Church Leadership Council. Key functions include, but
are not limited to:
pastoral support of congregational leaders;
leadership skill development;
congregational consultant ministries;
missionary ministries;
church planting;
congregational crisis support;
financial resource development and support;
specialized ministries (e.g., children, youth, young
adult, singles);
coordination of periodic celebration events (e.g.,
reunions, camps, conferences, etc.);
technical assistance to congregations (e.g., legal, risk
management, real estate, etc.);
human resources; and
essential administrative functions (e.g., implementation
of World Church policies, priesthood administration, pastoral supervision,
etc.)
Mission centers shall provide for the networking and grouping
of congregations to encourage mutual support, foster church identity, pursuit of
common causes, and to provide fellowship, leadership development, and
celebration opportunities (e.g., reunions, camps, retreats, and leadership
development programs).
Mission centers are responsible for coordinating the
management, creation, maintenance, and disposition of campgrounds,
administrative offices, and other ancillary facilities and entities that exist
within the scope of the mission center’s responsibility. Multi-jurisdictional
associations may exist for these purposes as well.
Section 2. Formation of Mission Centers. Mission centers
are formed by the approval of the World Church Leadership Council with
appropriate consultation. Factors to be considered when determining the
configuration of mission centers shall include, but not be limited to:
former jurisdictional ties (e.g., district, stake, and
regional configurations);
shared congregational interests, styles, and concerns;
and
geographic proximity.
Section 3. Mission Center Organization. Mission center organization
should be kept as simple as possible. The primary purpose is to support the
ministry of congregations and promote the expansion of the church. Therefore,
the mission center’s focus should be on ministry and witness rather than on
administration. In areas of relatively high membership density, leadership
availability, and financial capacity, it may be necessary for mission centers to
be more highly structured. Such a decision should be made with the concurrence
of the field apostle. The principles of stake and district organization as
described in various sections of the Doctrine and Covenants may serve, where
helpful, in guiding mission center organization.
a. Mission Center President. Mission center
presidents are appointed by the World Church through procedures
established by the First Presidency. They are sustained by the Mission
Center Conference and are supervised by the field apostle. The mission
center president is the primary representative of the World Church to
the congregations that compose the mission center. The mission center
president is entrusted with the care and direction of the center's
congregations through the properly selected pastors of these
congregations and of the nonresident members of the mission center
directly or through a nonresident pastor. It is the responsibility of
the mission center president to plan the extension and development of
the work of the church within the mission center. Mission center staff
members and congregational pastors report to and are supervised by the
mission center president.
b. Mission Center Financial Officer. Mission
center financial officers are appointed by the World Church through
procedures established by the First Presidency. They are sustained by
the Mission Center Conference and are supervised by the mission center
president. Mission center financial officers have specific trustee
responsibilities in which they are subject to the direction and counsel
of the Presiding Bishopric. They are responsible for such trusteeship to
the appropriate conference and to the president of the mission center
according to the provisions of the related budget.
Section 4. Mission Center Councils. Each mission center
shall establish a mission center council, a standing body whose primary purpose
is to advise mission center officers and staff on matters affecting the core
functions of the mission center. Mission center councils shall be established
according to World Church guidelines.
Section 5. Mission Center Conferences. Ideally, mission centers should
convene conferences at least annually. Mission center conferences are authorized
to transact business relating to the enhancement of ministry and expansion of
the work within the mission center. Enactments of a mission center conference
are confined to matters of concern to the mission center, including the approval
of mission center budgets, the election of World Conference delegates, and the
approval of legislation to be proposed for World Conference consideration.
Mission center conference actions shall be in harmony with, and subject to,
World Conference action and subject to the advice of the World Church officers
concerned. Mission centers may convene special conferences as needed. If in the
determination of the mission center president in consultation with the field
apostle, the mission center is unable to convene a mission center conference at
least annually (e.g., geographic distance, prohibitive cost, etc.), then the
mission center council shall be responsible for establishing procedures through
which necessary conference decisions shall be made subject to the approval of
the field apostle within World Church guidelines and policies.
Mission centers have the option of providing for delegate conferences. In
such cases the mission center conference is authorized to determine the basis
for representation.
The field apostle shall receive notice of the mission center conference and
should be invited to offer any suggestions or nominations he or she may desire
to present. In emergencies, and especially when a mission center president is
incapacitated or the mission center shall have fallen into disorder, the field
apostle may request or call a mission center conference; in this or any other
necessary situation the field apostle may recommend procedure, present
nominations for office, or do such other things as will best protect the
interests of the church. When these interests shall require, the field apostle
may take over direction of the mission center for a time, administering the work
thereafter—either directly or indirectly—until a more permanent arrangement can
be made. If the field apostle is thought to have proceeded inappropriately in
any of these matters appeal through the administrative line.
Section 6. Notice of Conferences. Normally notice of all mission center
conferences should be given to the various congregational pastors within the
mission center at least four weeks prior to the mission center conference and
should also be sent to the supervising field apostle and to such other officers
as might be concerned with the business to be transacted.
Section 7. Quorum. For the transacting of all business at a mission
center conference, unless otherwise provided by the conference, six or more
members present at any meeting for which proper notice has been given shall
constitute a quorum. However, it is the responsibility of every member of the
mission center to attend mission center conferences, both regular and special.
Section 8. Presiding Officer. The mission center president presides over
the mission center conference. At his/her request or absence, another member of
the mission center staff may be chosen to preside. Members of the First
Presidency, Council of Twelve, or their authorized representatives may be asked
to preside as a courtesy or in view of special circumstances.
Section 9. Responsibility of the presiding officer. It is the
responsibility of the presiding officer to bring to the attention of the
conference such matters as require the consideration or action of the mission
center; to require observance of the rules of order with decorum and propriety;
and to secure, insofar as he or she is able, a due respect and regard for the
laws governing the church as contained in the scriptures and World Conference
enactments.
Article VII - World Church Fields
Section 1. Nature of Fields. World
Church fields are established by the First Presidency and are groupings of
mission centers. Fields are flexible in nature and their configuration will
change periodically. The focus of ministry at the field level is to support
mission centers in their efforts to support congregations and grow the church.
Section 2. Supervising Ministers. The First Presidency
appoints members of the Council of Twelve to supervise fields.
Article VIII - Parliamentary Authority
The rules contained in the current edition of Robert’s
Rules of Order Newly Revised shall govern all conferences of the church in
all cases where they are culturally appropriate and where they are not in
conflict with these rules of order or any special rules of order adopted by the
appropriate conference. In cultures where Robert’s Rules of Order Newly
Revised is not known or generally used, locally appropriate rules shall be
utilized to guarantee the rights of individual members and groups to participate
fully in the deliberative process.
Article IX - Amendments
These rules of order may be amended at any World Conference
by a two-thirds vote, provided that the full text of such proposed amendments
are published in the Herald at least sixty days prior to the convening of
the World Conference during which they will be considered.
* Note: The name “Community of Christ” was established by the
World Conference through WCR 1268 (April 7, 2000) and the new name became
effective April 6, 2001. WCR 1268 also provided that “the name ‘Reorganized
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints’ remain legally binding and be
retained for legal purposes.”
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